Turkestan is divided for administrative purposes into six Provinces.   The Provinces are subdivided into Aymaqs, 120 in all, though the numbers in each Province vary.  The Aymaqs are in fact considered the primary administrative division of the country; the Provinces are mainly ethnic and cultural regions.

The six provinces are:

1. Üzbekistan
2. Qazaqstan
3. Kırğızstan
4. Tajikistan
5. Türkümänistan (also called Turcomanistan)
6. Qaraqalpağıstan